Raspberry Pi Zero W w/ Python 3

1GHz, single-core CPU
512MB RAM
802.11 b/g/n wireless LAN
Bluetooth 4.1
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Case

The Raspberry Pi Zero W V1.1 by far not the most powerful, but my favorite Raspberry Pi board, because it’s so very most and still capable enough. After putting the tiny board, weighing only 9.3g / 0.3oz into a nice case like this one maybe, it is time to bring it to life.

Linux OS

Download this minimal image, based on Debian Stretch.
Uncompressing the ZIP will create the image file, e.g. 2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-lite.img
Download balenaEtcher, a tool for conveniently flashing an SD cards
Insert a MicroSD Card (8Gb or larger) into your computer or card reader and use Etcher to copy the downloaded image onto the SD Card.

Before removing the SDCard, let’s add a few files to allow for a headless setup later:

For instance, if a wpa_supplicant.conf file is available in the /boot partition, it will be moved automatically into the right place (/etc/wpa_supplicant/) during the boot process:

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
country=US
update_config=1

network={
    ssid="YOUR_SSID"
    psk="YOUR_PASSWORD"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

Creating an empty ssh file will enable Secure Shell (SSH) when the Raspberry Pi boots up.

touch /Volumes/boot/ssh

SSH over USB

The previous step should put the Raspberry Pi on the configured Wifi network, but in case that fails, let’s also enable the option to ssh into the Raspberry Pi Zero over a USB connection:

Append dtoverlay=dwc2 to this file: /Volumes/boot/config.txt like so:

echo 'dtoverlay=dwc2'>>/Volumes/boot/config.txt

Using your preferred editor, append ‘ modules-load=dwc2,g_ether‘ to /Volumes/boot/cmdline.txt (mind to spaces) after rootwait

1st Boot

At this point, the SDCard is ready to be inserted into the Raspberry Pi Zero. Connecting the device with another computer, using the center-most micro-USB socket, not only powers the Zero, but also allows to ssh into it. By default, the host name of the Zero is raspberrypi, the username is pi and by default the password is raspberry. Therefore:

ssh [email protected]

Using ifconfig should now result in something like this:

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

usb0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.63.5  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 169.254.255.255
        inet6 fe80::9e85:8498:1cb4:f79f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 6a:b4:b4:34:8c:2d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 121  bytes 31254 (30.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 73  bytes 12835 (12.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.200.221  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.200.255
        inet6 fe80::d398:59e8:27be:5fd4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether b8:27:eb:64:d1:40  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 107  bytes 40086 (39.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 43  bytes 6761 (6.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Setting a hostname, adjusting the local and timezone, and since the devices runs mostly headless, the GPU memory can be reduced to 16MB, which is the minimum.

sudo raspi-config

Network Options / N1 Hostname …
Localization Options / Change Locale: us.UTF and Change Timezone: US/Pacific
Advanced Options / Memory Split

Adding a user

sudo su
adduser wolf
usermod -aG sudo wolf

mkdir /home/wolf/.ssh
cat >> /home/wolf/.ssh/authorized_keys …

cp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys /home/wolf/.ssh/
chown -R wolf:wolf /home/wolf

//using visudo .. add this at the bottom:L
wolf ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Updating the OS

apt-get upgrade
apt-get upgrade

which also brings Python to 3.5.3 but pip3 is still missing. Therefore:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

followed by:
pip3 install websockets webcolors magicblue

Deploying the app

mkdir /etc/moola

copy source files into /etc/moola

copy config file (lamp.json) into /boot

Launching the app on boot

Append something like this to /etc/rc.local
/etc/moola/moolalamp.sh